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- <text id=91TT2721>
- <title>
- Dec. 09, 1991: When Patients Call the Shots
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Dec. 09, 1991 One Nation, Under God
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- HEALTH, Page 75
- When Patients Call the Shots
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The next time you go into a hospital, prepare to be presented
- with a living will
- </p>
- <p> There is nothing therapeutic about the somber process of
- checking into a hospital. Already ailing and disoriented,
- incoming patients must fill out endless forms, produce insurance
- cards and steel themselves for the inevitable probes, cuts,
- needle pricks and medications that mark a modern hospital stay.
- The last thing patients want to think about is the possibility
- that they will never leave--that their illness or a medical
- mistake will leave them comatose and thus incapable of making
- life-and-death decisions for themselves.
- </p>
- <p> Yet that prospect is what most Americans will now be asked
- to consider every time they enter a hospital, whether it is to
- undergo heart bypass surgery or to get a hernia repaired. A new
- law that goes into effect this week requires all federally
- funded hospitals, nursing homes and hospices to tell incoming
- patients of their right to fill out a living will, a document
- that specifies that if something goes wrong, they will not be
- kept alive against their wishes. Although the rule is long
- overdue, experts wonder whether hospitals are up to the
- bureaucratic task and whether jarring questions--if not
- properly handled--may stir needless fear and anxiety.
- </p>
- <p> The concept of a living will has been around for decades.
- Moved by the tragic stories of comatose patients like Nancy
- Cruzan, the Missouri woman who was kept alive for seven years
- against her parents' wishes, more than 40 state legislatures
- have enacted laws aimed at encouraging patients to make their
- treatment preferences known beforehand. Some of the newest laws
- authorize people to appoint a surrogate, or proxy, who can make
- medical decisions for them when necessary. Widespread use of
- such measures could reduce the extraordinary expense of keeping
- terminal patients on life-support systems that neither they nor
- their family desires.
- </p>
- <p> Yet so far, just 15% of Americans have made out living
- wills, and the new federal rule is an attempt to encourage their
- use. At Chicago's Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center
- the admitting clerk reads a little speech to incoming patients:
- "Do you have a living will? Can we have a copy of it?" Those who
- answer no are handed a pamphlet that goes over the Illinois law
- on the topic. A California health-care group has prepared
- special booklets describing the basics of living wills in 10
- languages, including Chinese and Farsi.
- </p>
- <p> Unfortunately, the law falls short of ensuring that
- patients will get what they want if and when the critical time
- comes. Many states allow the withdrawal of treatment or feeding
- tubes only under limited conditions, regardless of a patient's
- preferences. Removal may be permitted when death is imminent but
- not when a patient is suffering from a chronic condition like
- "persistent vegetative state." Even now, the decision on what
- is best for a particular patient often winds up in court.
- </p>
- <p> At best, the new law is a mild nudge in the right
- direction. "It urges people to get their affairs in order," says
- the American Hospital Association's Fredric Entin. Like many
- medicines, the measures may at first be hard to swallow, but the
- consequences of not taking them could be incalculably worse.
- </p>
- <p>By Andrew Purvis. Reported by Lynn Emmerman/Chicago and Jeanne
- McDowell/Los Angeles.
- </p>
- <p>THE TWO BASIC TYPES OF LIVING WILLS
- </p>
- <p> 1. The patient decides whether he wants to prohibit doctors
- from performing life-prolonging procedures such as tube feeding
- and artificial respiration.
- </p>
- <p> 2. The patient names someone else--a friend, family member
- or doctor--to make that decision for him. The surrogates can
- withhold care, hire and fire doctors, and discharge the patient
- from the hospital or nusing home.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-